High-performance liquid chromatography chromatograms. Standard compound (A), and wheat ceramide powder glucosylceramides (B).|@|~(^,^)~|@|Effect of wheat ceramide powder (WC-P) on wrinkle formation and skin dryness in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated hairless mice. Morphological and histopathological changes (A), wrinkle area (B), epidermis thickness (C), and skin hydration (D) in the dorsal skin of UVB-irradiated hairless mice. NC, normal control (non-UVB irradiation); C, control (UVB irradiation); PC, positive control [UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of L-ascorbic acid at 100 mg/kg/body weight (bw)]; WC-P5, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 5 mg/kg/bw; WC-P20, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 20 mg/kg/bw; WC-P40, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 40 mg/kg/bw. Values are presented as the mean±SD. Different letters indicate a significant difference at P<0.05 using Duncan’s multiple range test.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Effect of WC-P on the activities of superoxide dismutase (A), catalase (B), and glutathione peroxidase (C) in the dorsal skin of UVB-irradiated hairless mice. NC, normal control (non-UVB irradiation); C, control (UVB irradiation); PC, positive control [UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of L-ascorbic acid at 100 mg/kg/body weight (bw)]; WC-P5, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 5 mg/kg/bw; WC-P20, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 20 mg/kg/bw; WC-P40, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 40 mg/kg/bw. Values are presented as the mean±SD. Different letters indicate a significant difference at P<0.05 using Duncan’s multiple range test.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Effect of wheat ceramide powder (WC-P) on the mRNA expression of IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (C) and protein expression of IκBα phosphorylation, p65 phosphorylation, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (D) in the dorsal skin of ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated hairless mice. NC, normal control (non-UVB irradiation); C, control (UVB irradiation); PC, positive control [UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of L-ascorbic acid at 100 mg/kg/body weight (bw)]; WC-P5, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 5 mg/kg/bw; WC-P20, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 20 mg/kg/bw; WC-P40, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 40 mg/kg/bw. Values are presented as the mean±SD. Different letters indicate a significant difference at P<0.05 using Duncan’s multiple range test.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Effect of wheat ceramide powder (WC-P) on the protein expression of JNK, c-FOS, c-Jun, MMPs, and Smad3 (A) and mRNA expression of TGF-β RI (B), collagen type I (C), PCOLCE (D), and fibrillin-1 (E) in the dorsal skin of ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated hairless mice. NC, normal control (non-UVB irradiation); C, control (UVB irradiation); PC, positive control [UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of L-ascorbic acid at 100 mg/kg/body weight (bw)]; WC-P5, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 5 mg/kg/bw; WC-P20, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 20 mg/kg/bw; WC-P40, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 40 mg/kg/bw. Values are presented as the mean±SD. Different letters indicate a significant difference at P<0.05 using Duncan’s multiple range test.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Effect of wheat ceramide powder (WC-P) on the mRNA expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS) 1 (A), HAS2 (B), and HAS3 (C), protein expression of CerS4 (D), mRNA expression of serine palmitoyltransferase 1 (LCB1) (E), and delta 4-desaturase (DEGS1) (F) in the dorsal skin of ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated hairless mice. NC, normal control (non-UVB irradiation); C, control (UVB irradiation); PC, positive control [UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of L-ascorbic acid at 100 mg/kg/body weight (bw)]; WC-P5, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 5 mg/kg/bw; WC-P20, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 20 mg/kg/bw; WC-P40, UVB irradiation with dietary supplementation of WC-P at 40 mg/kg/bw. Values are presented as the mean±SD. Different letters indicate a significant difference at P<0.05 using Duncan’s multiple range test.

Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023;28:418~426 https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2023.28.4.418