Fig. 5. Identification of adipocyte differentiation using oil red O (ORO) staining and adipogenesis signaling using protein expression. Adipocyte morphology was assessed in 3T3-L1 cells (A) and plotted (B). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) (C), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) (D), and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) (E) protein expression was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Comparison of undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells (Cont.), differentiation-induced 3T3-L1 cells (MDI), differentiation-induced 3T3-L1 cells treated with DMSO (MDID), and their respective controls. Values represent the mean±SD (n=3). ***P<0.001 versus MDID group. DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; CI, C. indicum L. extract; LLF15, CI fermented with L. lactis KCTC 3115; LPF74, CI fermented with L. paracasei KCTC 3074; LPF07, CI fermented with L. plantarum KCTC 3107; LCF09, CI fermented with L. casei KCTC 3109; LRF37, CI fermented with L. rhamnosus KCTC 3237.

Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024;29:533~545 https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2024.29.4.533