Fig. 3. A 60% ethanol extract of Echinacea purpurea (EPE) and chicoric acid (CA) exhibit inhibitory activities against viral infection in host cells. Viral infection inhibitory activities are evaluated using plaque reduction assays. Plaque reduction assay results for 1,000 µg/mL EPE and 189.75 µg/mL CA against (A) H1N1, (B) influenza B virus (IVB), and (C) respiratory syncytial virus subtype A (RSV-A) are shown. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are used as host cells for H1N1, and IVB, whereas HEp-2 cells are used as host cells for RSV-A. The numbers denoted as powers of 10 with a negative exponent in each figure represent the serial dilution factor.

Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024;29:332~344 https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2024.29.3.332