Fig. 2. In concentration-dependent cytotoxicity assessments, a 60% ethanol extract of Echinacea purpurea (EPE) and chicoric acid (CA) exhibit no toxicity to Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) or HEp-2 cell lines. (A) Cell viabilities of each treatment group are evaluated compared with the untreated control group. Cell viabilities of the solvent control group (upper), EPE treatment group (middle), and CA treatment group (lower) using MDCK cell line are shown. (B) Cell viabilities of the solvent control group (upper), EPE treatment group (middle), and CA treatment group (lower) using HEp-2 cell line. Data are presented as mean±SD (n=8). DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.

Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024;29:332~344 https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2024.29.3.332