Fig. 5. Inhibition of NF-κB p65 activation by SGWE or SGEE treatment in ox-LDL- and LPS-induced foam cells. (A and B) The levels of NF-κB and SIRT1 proteins were measured using immunoblotting. Cells were harvested, and the expression of the mRNA level of NF-κB (C and D) and SIRT1 (E and F) in ox-LDL- and LPS-induced foam cells was evaluated. Data are presented as the mean±standard deviation. Different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test. (G and H) THP-1 foam cells were treated with SGWE (0-250 μg/mL) and SGEE (0-125 μM) and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. After blocking with an appropriate buffer, cells were incubated with antibodies. Next, DAPI staining was performed to confirm the nuclei in the cells. Signals were quantified using fluorescence microscopy at 400× magnification. SGWE, Siegesbeckia glabrescens water extract; SGEE, S. glabrescens ethanol extract; ox-LDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; DAPI, 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.
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