Fig. 1. Effect of LPS (500 ng/mL) on cell viability of THP-1 cells. LPS upregulated the expression of inflammatory factors, while SGWE/SGEE treatment downregulated lipid accumulation in THP-1 foam cells. (A and B) THP-1 monocytes were exposed to 1 μM of PMA for 48 h, pretreated with various concentrations of SGWE or SGEE, and then induced with or without 500 ng/mL LPS for 24 h. Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. Experiments were performed in triplicate, and the results are presented as the mean±standard deviation. Different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test. The protein expression levels of (C) NF-κB and (D) SIRT1 were determined via immunoblotting. (E and F) Cells were stained with oil red O, and microphotographs were obtained using an optical microscope (magnification 400×). (G and H) Stained cells were dissolved in isopropanol solution, and the staining intensity was measured at 520 nm. LPS, lipopolysaccharides; PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; SGWE, Siegesbeckia glabrescens water extract; SGEE, S. glabrescens ethanol extract; ox-LDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; SIRT1, sirtuin 1.
© Prev. Nutr. Food Sci.