Summary of the results regarding the effect of fortified foods on the nutritional status of children residing in regions vulnerable to parasitic diseases
Reference | Type of study | n | Local (country) | Period (month) | Infection | Fortified food | Study group | Objective | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kugo et al., 2018 | Placebo-controlled trial | 326 | Kenya | 4 | Ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm | Porridge+papaya seed+Fe (GP1: 40 mg) | Comparison between groups: 1. fortified food; 2. albendazole; 3. control |
Design alternatives for treating parasites that are easy to implement and have low resistance rates | Porridge fortified with iron and added papaya seeds reduced the Ascaris lumbricoides egg count by 63.9% ( |
Aimone et al., 2017 | Cluster-randomised trial | 1,943 | Ghana | 5 | Malaria | Powder+micronutrients+Fe | Comparison between groups: 1. micronutrient fortified powders containing vitamins and minerals with iron; 2. micronutrient fortified powders containing iron-free vitamins and minerals |
Identify the response to |
Children carrying |
Glinz et al., 2017 | Cluster-randomised trial | 378 | Ivory Coast | 9 | Malaria | Cereals+Fe (GP2: 2 mg-GP4: 3.8 mg) | Comparison between groups: 1. control; 2. FC with NaFeEDTA+FeFum 3. IPT: sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine+amodiaquine; 4. FC with NaFeEDTA+FeFum+IPT; 5. FC with NaFeEDTA+FePP |
To evaluate the effectiveness of iron-FC to combat anemia in preschool children in a malaria endemic region | The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia decreased markedly both in the group of children who received FeFum (32.8% to 1.2%, |
Teshome et al., 2017 | Double-blind randomised trial | 315 | Kenya | 1 | Malaria | Powder with cornmeal porridge (GP1: 3 mg-GP2: 12.5 mg) | Comparison between groups: 1. powder with vitamin A and zinc, 11 other micronutrients, 3 mg of iron (NaFeEDTA); 2. powder with 12.5 mg of iron (FeFum); 3. placebo |
To evaluate the effectiveness of fortification with a daily dose of iron NaFeEDTA and FeFum for improving hematimetric and inflammatory status | The proposed fortification promoted a slight increase in Hb concentration, indicating that fortification with iron-containing micronutrients offers some benefit. However, no improvement in serum iron levels, anemia status and inflammation status was found |
Egbi et al., 2015 | Placebo-controlled trial | 150 | Ghana | 6 | Malaria | Black-eyed peas/fish flour+juice | Comparison between groups: 1. fish meal and vitamin C; 2. vitamin C; 3. control |
To evaluate the effectiveness of fortified food served with a drink rich in vitamin C in improving serum iron and Hb levels | Fortified fishmeal and vitamin C-rich drink improved Hb levels and reduced the prevalence of anemia ( |
Abizari et al., 2012 | Double-blind, controlled trial | 241 | Ghana | 7 | Malaria | Black-eyed pea flour+Fe (10 mg) | Comparison between groups: 1. black-eyed pea flour with 10 mg Fe/meal like NaFeEDTA; 2. unfortified black-eyed pea flour |
To test the effectiveness of NaFeEDTA-fortified black-eyed pea meal in improving iron status in children | Flour fortified with NaFeEDTA resulted in improvement in Hb, serum ferritin, serum iron and transferrin receptor reduction. Fortification resulted in a 30% and 47% reduction in the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, respectively |
Nga et al., 2011 | Placebo-contolled trial | 510 | Vietnam | 4 | Ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm | Cookie+Fe and other multimicronutrients | Comparison between groups: 1. albendazole; 2. fortified cookies+albendazole; 3. fortified cookies; 4. placebo |
The present study investigated the impact of multi-micronutrient fortification in combination with deworming in a school-based approach on growth, cognitive function and parasite burden among Vietnamese school-aged children and whether the combination of the two interventions was more beneficial than either intervention alone | Children who received albendazole with fortified food had the lowest parasite load after four months |
Rohner et al., 2010 | Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial | 591 | Ivory Coast | 6 | Ascariasis, malaria, trichuriasis, and hookworm | Biscuits+Fe electrolytic (20 mg) | Comparison between groups: 1. placebo; 2~4. exclusive administration of cookie with Fe (20 mg) or albendazole (400 mg)+ praziquantel (40 mg/kg) or sulfadoxine (500 mg)+pyrimethamine (25 mg), respectively; 5. administration of biscuits with Fe (20 mg) associated with albendazole (400 mg)+praziquantel (40 mg/kg); 6. administration of albendazole (400 mg)+praziquantel (40 mg/kg) associated with sulfadoxine (500 mg)+pyrimethamine (25 mg); 7. administration of biscuits with Fe (20 mg) associated with sulfadoxine (500 mg)+pyrimethamine (25 mg); 8. association of biscuit with Fe (20 mg), albendazole (400 mg)+ praziquantel (40 mg/kg) and sulfadoxine (500 mg)+ pyrimethamine (25 mg) |
To evaluate the effectiveness of iron supplementation in relation to anthelmintic treatment and IPT of malaria to improve anemia and nutritional status | Among treatments, only regular administration of anthelmintic medications improved anemia rates ( |
Le et al., 2007 | Placebo-contolled parallel trial | 425 | Vietnam | 6 | Ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm | Instant noodles | Comparison between groups: 1. pasta fortified with Fe; 2. mebendazole |
To evaluate changes in Fe status and anemia in anemic schoolchildren subjected to the use of Fe-fortified pasta | Iron fortification improved anemia and Fe status in anemic schoolchildren and reduced |
Jinabhai et al., 2001 | Double blind randomized placebo controlled trial | 579 | South Africa | 4 | Ascariasis, schistosomiasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm | Cookie+Fe (GP1 and GP4: 5 mg) | Comparison between groups: 1. albendazole (400 mg)+fortified biscuit (vitamin A and iron); 2. albendazole (400 mg)+fortified cookies (vitamin A); 3. unfortified deworming cookies; 4. fortified biscuits (vitamin A and iron); 5. fortified biscuits (vitamin A); 6. unwormed, unfortified cookies |
Compare the efficiency of anthelmintic treatment with the combination of anthelmintic+biscuit fortification with Fe and vitamin A in improving nutritional and cognitive status ( |
Vitamin A fortification improved serum retinol levels, but Fe fortification did not bring significant improvement in hematimetric status. There were no significant effects on the cognition and education of the sample |
GP, group; FC, fortified cereal; NaFeEDTA, sodium iron(III) ethylenediaminetetraacetate; FeFum, ferrous fumarate; IPT, intermittent preventive treatment; FePP, ferric pyrophosphate; Hb, hemoglobin; OR, odds ratio.