Fig. 4. Effects of harmine hydrochloride (HMH) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential following apoptosis induction. (A and B) Cells were treated with 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 μM of HMH for 24 h; stained with Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI); and analyzed with a FACSVantage SE flow cytometer (BD Biosciences). (C) The expression of pro-/antiapoptotic proteins in cells where apoptosis was induced by HMH treatment was analyzed using Western blot analysis. (D) ROS generation was quantified by measuring DCF using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate in cells exposed to 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 μM of HMH for 24 h. (E) After treatment with HMH or verapamil (positive control) for 24 h, cells were cultured with rhodamine 123 and analyzed with a flow cytometer. The results are presented as the mean±SD. Student’s t-test was used to analyze statistical differences between groups (*P<0.05 with respect to the control group). 

Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023;28:436~443 https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2023.28.4.436