Fig. 5. Effects of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. extract (CME) and isochlorogenic acid A (IcA) on protein turnover-related pathways in gastrocnemius muscle. Gastrocnemius muscle tissues were used to analyze the expression levels of protein turnover-related factors. Relative protein levels of (A) p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, and Akt, (B) p-mTOR, mTOR, p-p70S6K, p70S6K, p-4EBP1, and 4EBP1, and (C) p-FoxO3a and FoxO3a measured using Western blot, with α-tubulin as the housekeeping gene. Relative mRNA levels of (D) atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, with β-actin as the housekeeping gene. Data are presented as mean±standard deviation. Group differences were assessed using Duncan’s multiple range test. ^##P<0.01 [young group vs. middle-aged (MA) group] and *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 (MA group vs. CME and IcA groups).

Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021;26:408~416 https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2021.26.4.408