Fig. 1. Effects of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. extract (CME) and isochlorogenic acid A (IcA) on muscle protein synthesis in L6 myotubes. L6 myotubes were treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (50 ng/mL), CME (1 and 10 μg/mL), and IcA (1 and 10 μM). (A and B) Relative protein levels of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, and Akt were measured using Western blot, with α-tubulin as the housekeeping gene. (C and D) Relative protein expression of p-mTOR, mTOR, p-p70S6K, p70S6K, p-4EBP1, and 4EBP1 were measured using Western blot, with α-tubulin as the housekeeping gene. Group differences were assessed using Scheffe multiple range test. ##P<0.01 (negative control group vs. TNF-α–treated group) and *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 (TNF-α–treated group vs. CME- and IcA-treated groups).
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